The shifting landscapes

This study aims at understanding of diverse vegetation typologies of montane subtropical pine forests located in the lesser western Himalayas. The diverse ecosystems are majorly dominated by presence of mixed Banj oak forests (Quercus leucotrichophora) along with pure Chir pine forests (Pinus roxburghii) within an altitude range of 1200-3000m. The study concentrates on the dominance of Pinus roxburghii and modifications in the ecosystem caused by its invasion. It also concentrates on the endangered species due to loss of habitats and micro conditions modified. Later, it aims at looking for the indicator species that define the modifications caused by forest fires.